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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | OPERANDS | EXAMPLES | EXIT STATUS | NOTES | BUGS | SEE ALSO | AUTHOR | REPORTING BUGS | COLOPHON |
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PGREP(1) User Commands PGREP(1)
pgrep, pkill - look up or signal processes based on name and
other attributes
pgrep [options] pattern
pkill [options] pattern
pgrep looks through the currently running processes and lists the
process IDs which match the selection criteria to stdout. All
the criteria have to match. For example,
$ pgrep -u root sshd
will only list the processes called sshd AND owned by root. On
the other hand,
$ pgrep -u root,daemon
will list the processes owned by root OR daemon.
pkill will send the specified signal (by default SIGTERM) to each
process instead of listing them on stdout.
-signal
--signal signal
Defines the signal to send to each matched process.
Either the numeric or the symbolic signal name can be
used. (pkill only.)
-c, --count
Suppress normal output; instead print a count of matching
processes. When count does not match anything, e.g.
returns zero, the command will return non-zero value.
-d, --delimiter delimiter
Sets the string used to delimit each process ID in the
output (by default a newline). (pgrep only.)
-f, --full
The pattern is normally only matched against the process
name. When -f is set, the full command line is used.
-g, --pgroup pgrp,...
Only match processes in the process group IDs listed.
Process group 0 is translated into pgrep's or pkill's own
process group.
-G, --group gid,...
Only match processes whose real group ID is listed.
Either the numerical or symbolical value may be used.
-i, --ignore-case
Match processes case-insensitively.
-l, --list-name
List the process name as well as the process ID. (pgrep
only.)
-a, --list-full
List the full command line as well as the process ID.
(pgrep only.)
-n, --newest
Select only the newest (most recently started) of the
matching processes.
-o, --oldest
Select only the oldest (least recently started) of the
matching processes.
-O, --older secs
Select processes older than secs.
-P, --parent ppid,...
Only match processes whose parent process ID is listed.
-s, --session sid,...
Only match processes whose process session ID is listed.
Session ID 0 is translated into pgrep's or pkill's own
session ID.
-t, --terminal term,...
Only match processes whose controlling terminal is listed.
The terminal name should be specified without the "/dev/"
prefix.
-u, --euid euid,...
Only match processes whose effective user ID is listed.
Either the numerical or symbolical value may be used.
-U, --uid uid,...
Only match processes whose real user ID is listed. Either
the numerical or symbolical value may be used.
-v, --inverse
Negates the matching. This option is usually used in
pgrep's context. In pkill's context the short option is
disabled to avoid accidental usage of the option.
-w, --lightweight
Shows all thread ids instead of pids in pgrep's context.
In pkill's context this option is disabled.
-x, --exact
Only match processes whose names (or command lines if -f
is specified) exactly match the pattern.
-F, --pidfile file
Read PIDs from file. This option is perhaps more useful
for pkill than pgrep.
-L, --logpidfile
Fail if pidfile (see -F) not locked.
-r, --runstates D,R,S,Z,...
Match only processes which match the process state.
--ns pid
Match processes that belong to the same namespaces.
Required to run as root to match processes from other
users. See --nslist for how to limit which namespaces to
match.
--nslist name,...
Match only the provided namespaces. Available namespaces:
ipc, mnt, net, pid, user,uts.
-q, --queue value
Use sigqueue(3) rather than kill(2) and the value argument
is used to specify an integer to be sent with the signal.
If the receiving process has installed a handler for this
signal using the SA_SIGINFO flag to sigaction(2) , then it
can obtain this data via the si_value field of the
siginfo_t structure.
-V, --version
Display version information and exit.
-h, --help
Display help and exit.
pattern
Specifies an Extended Regular Expression for matching
against the process names or command lines.
Example 1: Find the process ID of the named daemon:
$ pgrep -u root named
Example 2: Make syslog reread its configuration file:
$ pkill -HUP syslogd
Example 3: Give detailed information on all xterm processes:
$ ps -fp $(pgrep -d, -x xterm)
Example 4: Make all chrome processes run nicer:
$ renice +4 $(pgrep chrome)
0 One or more processes matched the criteria. For pkill the
process must also have been successfully signalled.
1 No processes matched or none of them could be signalled.
2 Syntax error in the command line.
3 Fatal error: out of memory etc.
The process name used for matching is limited to the 15
characters present in the output of /proc/pid/stat. Use the -f
option to match against the complete command line,
/proc/pid/cmdline.
The running pgrep or pkill process will never report itself as a
match.
The options -n and -o and -v can not be combined. Let me know if
you need to do this.
Defunct processes are reported.
ps(1), regex(7), signal(7), sigqueue(3), killall(1), skill(1),
kill(1), kill(2)
Kjetil Torgrim Homme ⟨kjetilho@ifi.uio.no⟩
Please send bug reports to ⟨procps@freelists.org⟩
This page is part of the procps-ng (/proc filesystem utilities)
project. Information about the project can be found at
⟨https://gitlab.com/procps-ng/procps⟩. If you have a bug report
for this manual page, see
⟨https://gitlab.com/procps-ng/procps/blob/master/Documentation/bugs.md⟩.
This page was obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨https://gitlab.com/procps-ng/procps.git⟩ on 2020-12-18. (At
that time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in
the repository was 2020-10-24.) If you discover any rendering
problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there
is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
(which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
man-pages@man7.org
procps-ng 2020-06-04 PGREP(1)
Pages that refer to this page: fuser(1), kill(1@@procps-ng), killall(1), pidof(1), pmap(1), procps(1), ps(1), pslog(1), pwdx(1), skill(1)
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