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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | AUTHORS | SEE ALSO | AVAILABILITY | COLOPHON |
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NSENTER(1) User Commands NSENTER(1)
nsenter - run program in different namespaces
nsenter [options] [program [arguments]]
The nsenter command executes program in the namespace(s) that are
specified in the command-line options (described below). If
program is not given, then ``${SHELL}'' is run (default: /bin
/sh).
Enterable namespaces are:
mount namespace
Mounting and unmounting filesystems will not affect the
rest of the system, except for filesystems which are
explicitly marked as shared (with mount --make-shared; see
/proc/self/mountinfo for the shared flag). For further
details, see mount_namespaces(7) and the discussion of the
CLONE_NEWNS flag in clone(2).
UTS namespace
Setting hostname or domainname will not affect the rest of
the system. For further details, see uts_namespaces(7).
IPC namespace
The process will have an independent namespace for POSIX
message queues as well as System V message queues,
semaphore sets and shared memory segments. For further
details, see ipc_namespaces(7).
network namespace
The process will have independent IPv4 and IPv6 stacks, IP
routing tables, firewall rules, the /proc/net and /sys
/class/net directory trees, sockets, etc. For further
details, see network_namespaces(7).
PID namespace
Children will have a set of PID to process mappings
separate from the nsenter process. nsenter will fork by
default if changing the PID namespace, so that the new
program and its children share the same PID namespace and
are visible to each other. If --no-fork is used, the new
program will be exec'ed without forking. For further
details, see pid_namespaces(7).
user namespace
The process will have a distinct set of UIDs, GIDs and
capabilities. For further details, see
user_namespaces(7).
cgroup namespace
The process will have a virtualized view of /proc/self
/cgroup, and new cgroup mounts will be rooted at the
namespace cgroup root. For further details, see
cgroup_namespaces(7).
time namespace
The process can have a distinct view of CLOCK_MONOTONIC
and/or CLOCK_BOOTTIME which can be changed using
/proc/self/timens_offsets. For further details, see
time_namespaces(7).
Various of the options below that relate to namespaces take an
optional file argument. This should be one of the
/proc/[pid]/ns/* files described in namespaces(7), or the
pathname of a bind mount that was created on one of those files.
-a, --all
Enter all namespaces of the target process by the default
/proc/[pid]/ns/* namespace paths. The default paths to the
target process namespaces may be overwritten by namespace
specific options (e.g., --all --mount=[path]).
The user namespace will be ignored if the same as the
caller's current user namespace. It prevents a caller that
has dropped capabilities from regaining those capabilities
via a call to setns(). See setns(2) for more details.
-t, --target pid
Specify a target process to get contexts from. The paths
to the contexts specified by pid are:
/proc/pid/ns/mnt the mount namespace
/proc/pid/ns/uts the UTS namespace
/proc/pid/ns/ipc the IPC namespace
/proc/pid/ns/net the network namespace
/proc/pid/ns/pid the PID namespace
/proc/pid/ns/user the user namespace
/proc/pid/ns/cgroup the cgroup namespace
/proc/pid/ns/time the time namespace
/proc/pid/root the root directory
/proc/pid/cwd the working directory respectively
-m, --mount[=file]
Enter the mount namespace. If no file is specified, enter
the mount namespace of the target process. If file is
specified, enter the mount namespace specified by file.
-u, --uts[=file]
Enter the UTS namespace. If no file is specified, enter
the UTS namespace of the target process. If file is
specified, enter the UTS namespace specified by file.
-i, --ipc[=file]
Enter the IPC namespace. If no file is specified, enter
the IPC namespace of the target process. If file is
specified, enter the IPC namespace specified by file.
-n, --net[=file]
Enter the network namespace. If no file is specified,
enter the network namespace of the target process. If
file is specified, enter the network namespace specified
by file.
-p, --pid[=file]
Enter the PID namespace. If no file is specified, enter
the PID namespace of the target process. If file is
specified, enter the PID namespace specified by file.
-U, --user[=file]
Enter the user namespace. If no file is specified, enter
the user namespace of the target process. If file is
specified, enter the user namespace specified by file.
See also the --setuid and --setgid options.
-C, --cgroup[=file]
Enter the cgroup namespace. If no file is specified,
enter the cgroup namespace of the target process. If file
is specified, enter the cgroup namespace specified by
file.
-T, --time[=file]
Enter the time namespace. If no file is specified, enter
the time namespace of the target process. If file is
specified, enter the time namespace specified by file.
-G, --setgid gid
Set the group ID which will be used in the entered
namespace and drop supplementary groups. nsenter(1)
always sets GID for user namespaces, the default is 0.
-S, --setuid uid
Set the user ID which will be used in the entered
namespace. nsenter(1) always sets UID for user
namespaces, the default is 0.
--preserve-credentials
Don't modify UID and GID when enter user namespace. The
default is to drops supplementary groups and sets GID and
UID to 0.
-r, --root[=directory]
Set the root directory. If no directory is specified, set
the root directory to the root directory of the target
process. If directory is specified, set the root
directory to the specified directory.
-w, --wd[=directory]
Set the working directory. If no directory is specified,
set the working directory to the working directory of the
target process. If directory is specified, set the
working directory to the specified directory.
-F, --no-fork
Do not fork before exec'ing the specified program. By
default, when entering a PID namespace, nsenter calls fork
before calling exec so that any children will also be in
the newly entered PID namespace.
-Z, --follow-context
Set the SELinux security context used for executing a new
process according to already running process specified by
--target PID. (The util-linux has to be compiled with
SELinux support otherwise the option is unavailable.)
-V, --version
Display version information and exit.
-h, --help
Display help text and exit.
Eric Biederman ⟨biederm@xmission.com⟩
Karel Zak ⟨kzak@redhat.com⟩
clone(2), setns(2), namespaces(7)
The nsenter command is part of the util-linux package and is
available from Linux Kernel Archive
⟨https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/⟩.
This page is part of the util-linux (a random collection of Linux
utilities) project. Information about the project can be found
at ⟨https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/⟩. If you
have a bug report for this manual page, send it to
util-linux@vger.kernel.org. This page was obtained from the
project's upstream Git repository
⟨git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/util-linux/util-linux.git⟩ on
2020-12-18. (At that time, the date of the most recent commit
that was found in the repository was 2020-12-17.) If you
discover any rendering problems in this HTML version of the page,
or you believe there is a better or more up-to-date source for
the page, or you have corrections or improvements to the
information in this COLOPHON (which is not part of the original
manual page), send a mail to man-pages@man7.org
util-linux June 2013 NSENTER(1)
Pages that refer to this page: nsenter(1), unshare(1), setns(2), ipc_namespaces(7), namespaces(7), network_namespaces(7), time_namespaces(7), uts_namespaces(7), lsns(8)
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